加强农业科研院所廉政建设的几点思考

近年来，随着中央对“三农”工作的重视，投入的农业科研项目资金越来越大，这对农业科研院所的壮大起到了强有力的推动作用，但随之而来的贪腐行为时有发生，并呈上升趋势。文章就当前农业科研院所廉政建设工作现状及面临的问题，进行了深入分析，并提出了进一步加强廉政建设的工作对策，从而更好地构建廉政建设体系，保证农业科研院所事业又好又快发展。     

短学期制下植物学实验课程开设探索

介绍了短学期制下植物学实验课程概况,指出了课程开设面临的问题,提出了相应的解决对策与建议。     

Screening of field performance of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against cabbage root flies (Delia radicum l. and d. floralis (fall.); Diptera,Anthomyiidae)

Finnish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (8 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (7), Tolypocladium sp. (2), Paecilomyces farinosus (2), P. fumosoroseus (1), Steinernema feltiae (3) and Bacillus thuringiensis ('Muscabac') were tested for efficacy against mixed populations of Delia radicum and D. floralis under field conditions in 1986–90. All pathogens were applied preventatively, the fungi as aqueous conidial or mycelial suspensions, dry conidia or dry mycelial powder. In only two of the nine experiments did B. bassiana or M. anisopliae give some control. In 1986, B. bassiana SF85–2 and Tolypocladium sp. SF85–4 (both at rate 1.2 x 10⁹ conidia plant‐ 1), and ‘Muscabac’ (25 g 1^?1, 1 dl plant^?1) reduced the number of pupae by 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively, as compared with untreated and chemical (isophenphos) controls. In 1990, M. anisopliae SF86–39 at rate 1.6 x 10⁹conidia plant^?1 and 1.5 x 10⁸ CFU plant^?1 and S. feltiae SFS‐22 (35000 plant^?1), increased the yield of cauliflower 2.2, 1.8, and 2.3‐fold, respectively, as compared with the untreated control, but these yields were only 19%, 15% and 19% of those of the chemical (diazinon) control. Paecilomyces isolates were ineffective in the 1986 experiment in which they were included. Our results suggest that it is difficult to find efficient control agents among the fungal and nematode species tested for use as biopesticides against cabbage root flies, but that the potential of M. anisopliae against these pests deserves further study.     

论山区生态环境保护与山羊养殖对策

因为缺乏统一而科学的长远规划,山羊养殖业在山区发展面临了许多新的问题,笔者尝试对此进行简单的讨论.     

RAPD技术及其在农作物遗传育种中的应用

论述了RAPD技术的原理、意义及其在基因定位、遗传图谱的构建、亲缘关系和系统进化的研究、品种纯度的鉴定、体细胞杂种鉴定和目标基因的早期鉴定等方面应用于农作物育种的情况。由于RAPD技术简捷快速、花费少,虽有一定的局限性,但仍在基因组研究中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。     

棉田种植诱集作物对天敌的保护及增殖作用

1987—1988年在河北省邯郸地区的试验结果表明,在棉田种植油菜及高粱诱集带,棉花主要害虫发生期内捕食性天敌数量比对照田增加25—51％;当棉田施用化学农药时,诱集带对保护天敌、促使捕食性天敌数量回升的效果明显。两种诱集作物综合种植的相互衔接,对保护、增殖天敌和控制害虫作用明显优于单一种植高粱诱集带。     

用单克隆抗体结合酶联免疫吸附试验检测棉铃虫幼虫体内的核多角体病毒

在常规ＥＬＩＳＡ间接法的基础上，应用单克隆抗体检测感染棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的棉铃虫幼虫体内病毒粒子。３龄幼虫饲喂表层涂有ＨａＮＰＶ人工饲料后９小时，即可在幼虫抽提液中检出病毒粒子抗原，而典型病虫显症需５～６天后才出现。因此本法是一种灵敏、快速、特异性强的检测昆虫杆状病毒的方法。利用单克隆抗体结合ＥＬＩＳＡ试验分别检测来自江苏和山东不同地区棉田自然死亡的棉铃虫幼虫，表明在江苏和山东不同棉区均可检测到ＨａＮＰＶ病毒粒子，但地区间棉铃虫核型多角体病毒检出频率有显著差异     

胚胎干细胞向神经细胞定向诱导分化方法的研究进展

胚胎干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能,有望成为治疗神经系统疾病重要的种子细胞来源。如何高效地诱导胚胎干细胞向特定神经细胞分化是目前研究的热点。本文就胚胎干细胞定向分化成神经细胞的3种方法:RA诱导法、谱系选择法和SDIA法及其移植研究做一综述。     

The newest leafminer pest in Israel,Liriomyza huidobrensis

The pea leafminer,Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), recently introduced into Israel, has proven to be extremely proliferous and difficult to control. It is a much more serious pest of vegetable and flower crops than the previously introducedLiriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Photosynthesis is reduced and cosmetic damage is incurred when adult flies stipple plant leaves with feeding punctures and larvae mine the leaves. This paper will review briefly the history, biology and potential control measures of the pea leafminer.     

改进平衡运输问题表上作业法中的最优方案判别法则

平衡运输问题数学模型的约束条件Ｘｉｊ≥，表明只讨论从发车点驶往收车点，不讨论任何形式的“逆向行驶”，但“逆向行驶”在运输实际中往往发生。本旨在通过改进平衡运输问题表上作业法中的判别法则，解决“逆向行驶”问题，使平衡运输方案真正达到最优化。